Surfactant Aggregation

1 Nature Of Surfactants.- 1.1 Introduction To Surfactants.- 1.2 Natural Surfactants.- 1.3 Synthetic Surfactants.- 1.4 Types Of Surfactant.- 1.4.1 Hydrophilic Groups.- 1.4.2 Hydrophobic Groups.- 1.5 Surface Activity.- 1.5.1 Self-association.- 1.5.2 The Hydrophobic Effect.- References.- 2 Adsorption At Liquid Interfaces.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Direct Measurement Of Amount Adsorbed.- 2.3 Adsorption Studied Via Surface And Interfacial Tension Measurement.- 2.4 Adsorption Of Ionic Surfactants.- 2.4.1 No Added Electrolyte.- 2.4.2 Ionic Surfactant With Excess Electrolyte.- 2.5 Equations Of State For Adsorbed Surfactants.- 2.6 Adsorption At The Liquidliquid Interface.- 2.7 Ultra-low Interfacial Tensions.- 2.7.1 Prediction Of Emulsion Type From Packing Geometry.- 2.7.2 Phase Inversion.- 2.7.3 Tensions At Curved And Planar Interfaces.- 2.7.4 Interactions Between Adsorbed Monolayers.- 2.7.5 Practical Applications Of Ultra-low Tension Systems.- 2.8 Physical Properties Of Adsorbed Monolayers.- 2.9 Dynamic Aspects Of Adsorbed Surfactants.- 2.9.1 The Marangoni Effect.- References.- 3 Insoluble Monolayers.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Historical Background.- 3.2.1 The Langmuir Trough And Its Origin.- 3.2.2 Use Of The Langmuir Trough.- 3.3 Phase Changes And Types Of Film.- 3.3.1 Gaseous Films.- 3.3.2 The Le G Region.- 3.3.3 The Liquid-expanded Region.- 3.3.4 The Transition Region.- 3.3.5 The Liquid-condensed Region.- 3.3.6 The Solid Region.- 3.4 Ionised Monolayers.- 3.4.1 Effect Of Polyvalent Counterions.- 3.5 X-ray And Neutron Scattering.- 3.5.1 Horizontal Scattering.- 3.5.2 Vertical Scattering.- 3.5.3 Neutron Scattering.- 3.6 Dynamic Effects.- 3.6.1 Interfacial Shear Rheology.- 3.6.2 Interfacial Dilatational Rheology.- 3.6.3 Measurement Of Surface Shear Viscosity For Insoluble Monolayers.- 3.6.4 Measurement Of Surface Dilatational Rheological Properties.- 3.7 Practical Applications Of Insoluble Monolayers.- References.- 4 Langmuir-blodgett Multilayers.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Historic